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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
古埃及木乃伊制作处理所用防腐剂 国际最新研究发现新配方****** 中新网北京2月2日电 (记者 孙自法)古埃及木乃伊制作处理如何使用防腐剂？防腐剂有何配方？这些议题长期以来备受关注并吸引考古学界持续聚焦研究。 国际著名学术期刊《自然》北京时间2月2日凌晨上线发表的一篇考古学研究论文透露，研究人员最新鉴别出古埃及人用于保存不同人体部位的特定化学物质混合物的配方。这项发现基于对埃及一处古代防腐剂工坊的分析，将推进人们对古埃及木乃伊制作处理相关知识的认识与理解。  根据研究成果绘制的有牧师在场的地下室防腐处理场景(Nikola Nevenov绘图)。 施普林格·自然 供图据介绍，古埃及的木乃伊制作过程漫长而复杂，涉及使用多种不同防腐物质，当下对防腐物质的知识主要来自古代文献和对埃及木乃伊有机残留物的分析。虽然此前的分析已成功鉴定出多种防腐用物质，但各种成分在此过程中的作用和总体程序，在很大程度上仍不明确。 为此，最新发表论文第一作者和共同通讯作者、德国图宾根大学马克西姆·拉格奥特(Maxime Rageot)和共同通讯作者、德国慕尼黑大学菲利普·斯托克汉默(Philipp Stockhammer)与同事及埃及等合作者一起，对31个从埃及塞加拉(Saqqara)一个防腐工坊找到的陶瓷器皿进行分析，该工坊可追溯至埃及第二十六王朝(公元前664-525年)。  塞加拉墓地项目挖掘区(图源：图宾根大学塞加拉墓地项目)。 施普林格·自然 供图此次研究的这些器皿上刻有防腐的指示文本(如“放于头部”或“包扎/以之防腐”)和/或防腐物质的名称。同时，这些器皿还含有防腐物质的残留物。所有这些信息使研究者能够理解在木乃伊制作流程中使用了哪些化学物质，以及它们如何混合、命名和应用。例如，论文作者发现了3种不同混合物(其中含有的物质包括榄香脂、黄连木树脂、刺柏或柏的副产物及蜂蜡)专门用于头部的防腐，还有用于清洗身体或软化皮肤的其他混合物。 论文作者进一步将残留物分析鉴别出来的混合物和铭刻标签作比较，他们发现，通常对古埃及词“antiu”译为“没药”或“香”可能有时是错的，因为在工坊里它不是指某个单一物质，而是一种混合油脂的芳香油或焦油的混合物。 《自然》同期发表同行专家的“新闻与观点”文章指出，许多防腐物质来自埃及之外，包括黄连木和刺柏产物可能是从黎凡特进口、榄香脂可能来自南亚或东南亚雨林。这表明，古埃及的木乃伊制作在促进与地中海和更遥远地区的长距离贸易中也发挥作用。(完)
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